1. The larvae of clearwing Borers push frass out of tunnels via holes.

2. Insect-based Bioconversion of food waste is the controlled breakdown of an initial feedstock (food waste) into insect biomass and frass (waste residuals) (Barry 2004), with the latter consisting of predominantly insect frass and to a lesser extent, shed exoskeletons, dead insect parts, and potentially uneaten feedstock.

3. The major compound found in the analyses of frass and larvae was Butane diol representing over 75% of the total composition of the volatile profiles. From the Cambridge English Corpus These …